Chicken parmigiana, also known as chicken parmesan, is a popular Italian-American dish that has become a staple in many households and restaurants. This delicious dish consists of breaded and fried chicken cutlets, topped with tomato sauce and melted mozzarella cheese. However, despite its name and the addition of grated Parmesan cheese on top, many people wonder why there is no Parmesan in chicken parm.
Surprisingly, the answer to this question is not as straightforward as one might expect. Several theories abound as to why chicken parmigiana is named after Parmesan cheese when it does not feature prominently in the dish. In this article, we will delve into the history of chicken parmigiana and explore the different theories behind its name. We will also look at the role of Parmesan cheese in Italian cuisine and determine whether it is indeed an essential ingredient in the dish.
The Origins of Chicken Parmesan
The origins of Chicken Parmesan can be traced back to the early 20th century in the United States, specifically in Italian-American communities. It is believed that Chicken Parmesan was created as a variation of the traditional Italian dish, Eggplant Parmesan.
The dish is typically made by dredging chicken cutlets in flour, egg, and breadcrumbs, then frying them until golden brown. The chicken is then topped with tomato sauce and mozzarella cheese and baked until the cheese is melted and bubbly. Despite its name, Chicken Parmesan does not traditionally contain Parmesan cheese, although some recipes may include it as an optional ingredient. The dish has become a popular menu item at Italian-American restaurants and is enjoyed by many as a comforting and filling meal.
The Traditional Chicken Parmesan Recipe
The traditional chicken parmesan recipe is a classic Italian dish that originated in the Southern regions of Italy. Also known as ‘pollo alla parmigiana’, it involves pan-frying breaded chicken cutlets and serving them on a bed of tomato sauce (marinara) and melted mozzarella cheese. The dish is then typically topped with freshly grated Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese before being baked in the oven until the cheese is melted and bubbly.
The origins of the dish are uncertain, but it is believed to have been inspired by the Sicilian dish ‘Cotoletta alla Palermitana’, which involves the same preparation of breaded and fried meats. The dish has become very popular in the United States, where it is commonly referred to as “chicken parm” or “chicken parmesan.” Despite the name, Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese is not traditionally used in the original recipe, but rather a lighter cheese like mozzarella.
The Role of Parmesan Cheese in Italian Cuisine
Parmesan cheese, also known as Parmigiano-Reggiano, is a hard, granular cheese that originated in Italy. It is an essential ingredient in Italian cuisine and is used in various dishes, including pasta, risotto, and soups. Made from cow’s milk, Parmesan cheese has a rich, nutty flavor and a crumbly texture that enhances the taste of the dishes it is added to.
In terms of Italian cuisine, Parmesan cheese is considered a staple. It is used as a seasoning and as a standalone dish. In fact, in some regions of Italy, it is eaten as a dessert with drizzles of honey or aged balsamic vinegar. Parmesan cheese is not just an ingredient but also a symbol of Italian cooking, and it is recognized worldwide for its high quality and unique taste.
Why Some Versions of Chicken Parmesan Don’t Use Parmesan Cheese
Despite its name, Chicken Parmesan doesn’t always include Parmesan cheese. Some versions of the dish leave it out altogether, while others use a different type of cheese altogether. So why do some recipes omit the ingredient that is so prominent in the dish’s name?
One reason some recipes skip Parmesan cheese is due to personal preference or tradition. Some chefs or cooks may have learned the recipe without Parmesan cheese, while others simply prefer other types of cheese. Additionally, Parmesan cheese can be expensive, and some recipes may aim for a more affordable alternative. Ultimately, the decision to include Parmesan cheese in Chicken Parmesan comes down to individual taste and preference.
Popular Substitutes for Parmesan Cheese in Chicken Parmesan
Many people are surprised to learn that chicken parmesan, a popular dish in many Italian restaurants, does not actually contain parmesan cheese. The traditional recipe instead calls for a blend of other cheeses, such as mozzarella and pecorino romano. However, there are many popular substitutes for parmesan cheese that can be used to add a similar taste and texture to the dish.
One popular substitute for parmesan cheese is pecorino romano, which is a type of sheep’s milk cheese that has a salty, tangy flavor. This cheese is often used in place of parmesan in pasta dishes and can also be added to chicken parmesan for an extra kick of flavor. Other alternatives include asiago and fontina, which both have a similar nutty taste to parmesan and can be grated over the dish just like parmesan cheese. Ultimately, the decision on which substitute to use will come down to personal preference and availability.
Regional Variations of Chicken Parmesan
Regional variations of Chicken Parmesan are quite common in Italy as well as in the United States. Traditionally, the dish is made using breaded and fried chicken cutlets, tomato sauce and mozzarella cheese. However, different regions and cities have their own twists on the classic recipe.
For example, in Rome, Chicken Parmesan is usually served with a side of spaghetti. In Sicily, the dish is made with a tomato sauce that’s spicier and more piquant than the classic marinara. In the United States, regional variations of the dish can be found in every state, with some restaurants adding additional toppings like mushrooms or even vegetables. Despite the variations, everyone can agree that a good plate of Chicken Parmesan is a delicious, hearty and comforting dish that can be enjoyed all year round.
The Future of Chicken Parmesan in Modern Gastronomy
As gastronomy continues to evolve, so does the preparation and presentation of classic dishes like Chicken Parmesan. Chefs today are pushing the boundaries of traditional Italian cuisine by adding unique twists to this beloved dish. Modern ingredients such as kale, truffle oil, and quinoa are being incorporated into the recipe to enhance the flavors and nutritional value.
Another promising future for Chicken Parmesan is the incorporation of new cooking techniques such as sous vide and molecular gastronomy. Through these innovative approaches, chefs can create Chicken Parmesan dishes with a different texture and flavor profile, while still keeping the heart and soul of the original recipe intact. In short, the future of Chicken Parmesan in modern gastronomy is boundless, with endless opportunities for chefs to experiment and delight their customers with new and exciting variations on this timeless classic.
The Bottom Line
Chicken Parmesan is a classic Italian-American dish that has gained immense popularity worldwide. However, it is surprising to learn that the dish does not contain any Parmesan cheese, which its name suggests. Instead, it includes a generous portion of mozzarella and sometimes ricotta. The lack of Parmesan in Chicken Parm can be attributed to a mistranslation of the original Italian recipe, where Parmigiana refers to a dish cooked in a style that originated from the Parma region.
Despite the absence of Parmesan, Chicken Parmesan remains a delicious and beloved dish. The dish’s tastiness and ubiquitousness have even prompted many chefs to put their spin on it, incorporating new ingredients and flavors. Regardless of variations in recipe, what remains a constant is the dish’s satisfaction. So, if you are a fan of Italian cuisine, try out a Chicken Parmesan recipe and indulge in its tastiness.